Ayush Dept still trying to delay proposed EU ban on ayurvedic drugs

Though almost lost the case so far, the Department of Ayush claimed that it was still working intensely to delay and dissuade the European Union Directorate from going ahead with the ban on the sale of Indian ayurvedic and other herbal medicines across Europe from May 1. The Department, while continuing the talks with EU and writing to them on the quality of Indian medicines, has also sought the assistance of the Commerce Department to press the case of the country. It has taken up the matter with Commerce Ministry to push the issue through World Trade Organisation as it is another kind of trade barrier, sources said. “After 4 years of debate with the European Commission over the THMPD, the Indian Government has made little headway. They are still going ahead with the full implementation of the directive. This legislation is not of scientific nature, but of trade and political nature. Still we are trying if we can at least extend this transition period,’’ a senior official of the department responded on the issue. The Traditional Herbal Medicine Product Directive (THMPD) by the EU came into force in 2004, but has given a transition period till April 30, 2011. Under the directive, a company needs to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the herbal medicine through traditional use within the EU for at least 30 years or 15 years within the EU and 30 years outside the EU. “The THMPD was intended to provide a simplified registration process for traditional herbal medicines sold ‘Over The Counter’ (OTC), rather than following consultation with a practitioner. Since the Directive came into force in 2004, a not a single herbal medicinal product associated with any of the diverse non-European traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) or Tibetan medicine, has been registered under the scheme. When the 7-year transition period ends on 30 April 2011, all unregistered products will become illegal,’’ said the official of the Ayush department. Source:Pharmabiz

Robot That Can Take Care of Elderly Developed

A New Zealand based gaming company has developed a caring robot that reminds the aged people about their medication, monitors their vital signs.Stickmen Studios and the University of Auckland have teamed up to customize a robot with gaming facilities that will help elderly people stay active through interactive games.The robot, Eldercare, has been developed with the Intelligent Robot Division of South Korea's Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute. 
The aim of the robot is to reduce the strain on healthcare resources as the aging population grows and improve the lives of people who are dependent on care.
David Cotter, business development manager of UniServices - a division of Auckland University that commercializes its research, said the robot could monitor a person's blood pressure, or insulin levels and then transmit the data to a centre using wireless connections where a nurse or doctor can access it. The robot can also fetch and carry and monitor when a person has fallen over through a bracelet that communicates with it. It then decides whether emergency services are needed. Cotter said the robot, which is still in a development phase, would help balance out the volume of elderly people to caregivers. The university is also working on a robot that will assist autistic children.

Source-ANI

  

 

First Human Trial of Blood Cancer Vaccine

The first human trials of a revolutionary cancer vaccine that could save thousands of lives a year is set to begin, according to scientists in Britain. The immune-boosting leukemia jab will be tried out on volunteers who have either chronic or acute myeloid leukemia - two forms of bone marrow and blood cancer.If successful, the DNA vaccine, developed at Southampton University, could be available in five years, reports the Daily Express. "We're very excited. This vaccine has real promise," the Leukemia and Lymphoma Research charity said.Source-ANI

 

 

In Pakistan Every sixth pregnancy in the country is aborted’

A senior nurse at the gyneacology ward of Pims said that once an unmarried girl came to her seeking guidance on getting an abortion.

The girl, who was 21 years of age, told the nurse that while travelling in a train when she was raped and as a result she got pregnant.

“However she was refused. In the government hospitals illegal abortions are strictly prohibited,” said the nurse.

Dr Anis Kausar, Joint Executive Director Polyclinic Hospital said in Islamabad and Rawalpindi there are many clinics that are being run where illegal abortions are being done after charging high sums of money.

“They charge Rs50,000 to 60,000 for one abortion,” said Dr Kausar. Robina Sikendar a lady health worker, said the professionals are also assisted by midwives in their clinics. “There are some midwives who are doing this business in their homes as no one can get inside to check what is happening there,” she said.

At least 890,000 abortions take place in Pakistan which means thatevery sixth pregnancy is terminated in abortion.

These figures were revealed by the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS), which is the only national study on abortion-related incidents, said Dr Azra Ahsan, a gynaecologist and technical consultant at National Committee for Maternal and Neonatal Health (NCMNH). She was speaking at a discussion arranged by the NCMNH on Wednesday.

The speakers felt that legislators refrain from discussing sensitive issues, such as abortion, in the parliament and that is why no steps have been taken to overcome unsafe abortions.

MPA Nasreen Kethran, who was representing Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid from Balochistan, said that there was a wide communication gap when it came to discussing abortion, firstly, because it is considered controversial and forbidden by religion, and secondly, because maternal health issues are not really taken seriously.

According to Kethran, the fear – of creating awareness on abortion – worsened when three people of the Family Health Planning office were gunned down in Bakra Piri, Quetta, by unidentified men. The police said that the murders were caused by personal enmity but people working in the health sector said that the killings were committed by a group of extremists who were against family planning.

Such incidents do not make a constructive environment to speak on such issues, she said.

Even after approvals from doctors and ulemas, implementation of family planning programmes is a difficult process due to extremist elements within our society. “Even the slightest hint can spark off protests. People are out to kill you for saying something supposedly unconventional.” Kethran felt that the situation was dismal in the country, particularly in the health sector.

During her presentation, Dr Ahsan said that abortion was not illegal but it was restricted in the country for sure. “With the dearth of family planning policies, women are unfortunately using abortion as a method for family planning,” she said.

Dr Ahsan admitted that the law was also confusing. “The law was amended in the early 90s and it said that an abortion could be performed when it is affecting the life of a mother and other necessary treatments. The term “necessary treatment” is very vague and can mean anything. So the need is to make it more specific and clear.”

Midwifery Association of Pakistan president Imtiaz Kamal pointed out that, “We were the first ones in the world to present a family plan and policy in the country in 1953.”

Indonesia and other Asian countries came to learn about the policy from us and now they are implementing everything that we planned and we are still in the same place as before.”

The speakers noted that most of the abortions performed at home resulted in the death of the woman. Kamal believed that the absence of laws, regulating medicines, nursing and midwifery, are the main reasons for this. “A midwife would know her limit only when it is defined by the law. There is no law or regulation so they continue to do what according to them is their duty,” he added.

The doctors in the discussion panel expressed some confusion over the concept of abortion as a crime and whether or not it was forbidden in religion. “We need to agree on one point when it comes to abortion and maternal health issues,” said Dr Yousuf Bizenjo, the provincial programme coordinator at NCMNH. “Otherwise the nation would move about in circles without getting to the root cause,” said Dr Bizenjo.

Several panellists urged that abortion and maternal health issues need to be discussed in the media, to which Kamal said, “It would take us a minute to say something about abortion on national television and a million years to calm down the hysteria it would create.”

Source:Express Tribune

British Scientists Develop Artificial Pancreas

To reduce the cases of stillbirth, major deformity and death among expectant mothers with type 1 diabetes, British scientists have developed 'closed-loop insulin delivery system' or 'artificial pancreas'. This experimental artificial pancreas has been created by combining a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), with an insulin pump.Patients with type 1 diabetes are unable to properly break down sugar and if it is left untreated, the blood vessels and nerves are destroyed and organs can fail leading to patient's death. Pregnancy for women with diabetes is risky. Previous studies have claimed that the glucose levels in such women are outside the recommended levels for an average of 10 hours per day. High blood glucose levels increases the risk of birth defects, stillbirth, neonatal death, preterm delivery, oversized babies and other complications. Scientists used this in 10 pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes and found that it provided the appropriate amount of insulin at the right time, helped maintain blood sugar levels at near normal levels and prevented hypoglycemia at night. Helen Murphy, lead of the study at Cambridge University said, "To discover an artificial pancreas can help maintain near-normal glucose level in pregnant women is very promising." Researchers have said that though the study is in its initial stages, the results are quite encouraging. 

Source-Medindia

 
 

Homeopathic Remedies for Weight Loss

Homeopathic remedies may be helpful for stimulating weight loss in certain individuals. Homeopathic remedies are diluted filtrations of a substance that produces similar symptoms when administered at full strength to those symptoms exhibited by conditions found in overweight individuals, such as thyroid dysfunction. By stimulating the individual's natural response to an irritation or other stimulus, homeopathic medicine allows the body to heal itself.

Treating overweight with homeopathy may not fully resolve the condition. Consult a homeopath for a complete treatment plan to lose weight.

Fucus Vesicelosus

Fucus vesicelosus, or sea kelp, may be helpful in treating thyroid conditions and promote weight loss, according to the "Materia Medica of Homeopathic Medicines." Fucus in its natural form, is high in iodine. As a homeopathic dilution, the iodine content is negligible; however, the potentized remedy has the ability to stimulate the thyroid into producing and synthesizing more thyroid hormone. This action on the thyroid revs up the metabolism allowing for weight loss. In addition, the homeopathic remedy can suppress the thyroid from over-producing thyroid hormone if administered in higher potencies and a large enough dose. Fucus should never be self-administered; and only be used under the supervision of a homeopath for best results.

Iodum

Iodum is another homeopathic remedy that may be useful in weight control for some people with thyroid conditions; and in particular, hyperthyroidism. As a dilution of iodine, the remedy may be useful for treating problems stemming from an overactive thyroid, including increased appetite leading to obesity. In certain cases, Iodum may be able to help regulate the thyroid gland. The remedy is indicated for people who are very nervous, jittery and hot. This remedy should also, only be used under the supervision of a homeopathic practitioner.

Antimonium Crudum

Antimonium crudum may assist in raising the metabolism and increasing digestion and elimination, according to Holistic Online. This remedy is indicated for symptoms arising from sluggish digestion and assimilation of food, similar to that found in many patients suffering from a slower metabolism. The individual needing Antimonium crudum may have bouts of indigestion with bloating, belching and gas accompanied by a white, heavily coated tongue. A homeopath should be consulted for proper dosing and treatment guidelines.

Calcarea Carbonica

Calcarea carbonica may help people who overeat calm themselves and settle their nerves. The overweight individual may experience issues relating to poor assimilation of food and slow digestion, including an imbalance of the stomach acids, leading to hyperchlorhydria. There may be indigestion, acid reflux, flatulence and bloating. In addition, thyroid problems may be present, including goitre, which may contribute to overeating. A leading indicator for this remedy is the craving for eggs in all forms. Consult with a homeopath for the correct potency and dose for weight loss.

Kali Carbonicum

Kali Carbonicum may help overweight individuals who feel cold all the time and suffer from chronic backache. This is another homeopathic remedy that may work well for people who have a sluggish metabolism. The individual may experience chronic constipation, indigestion, belching and a sour taste in the mouth, writes homeopath Roger Morrison in the "Desktop Guide." Drinking ice-cold drinks aggravates the person and may cause nausea and vomiting. The person may suffer from chronic infections such as bronchitis or sinusitis, which are leading indications for needing this remedy. A homeopath will be able to ascertain which remedy an individual may need to achieve greatest results for weight loss.

Courtesy: LiveStrong.com  

 

 

 

 
 

How to Speed Up Metabolism

Metabolism is the name of the process your body goes through to turn the things we eat into energy. Many ways exist to increase your metabolism without using prescription drugs or expensive treatments. Homeopathy has been used to remedy health conditions for thousands of years, treating ailments from the common cold to arthritis. Several options for homeopathic ways to speed up your metabolism are as simple as making a trip to your local grocer or health food store. Talk with your doctor before beginning any homeopathic treatment.

Drink Green Tea

 The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that green tea contains a substance known as polyphenols, which is a type of antioxidant. This antioxidant is responsible for an increase in metabolism. Drinking two to three cups of high quality, loose-leaf green tea may help give your immune system the boost you're looking for.

Use Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is medium-chain fatty acid, which may be beneficial to your thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small organ located just underneath the voice-box that is responsible for regulating your metabolism. The type of fat in coconut oil is used directly by the liver, rather than being stored elsewhere in your body, which makes the energy you need easily accessible. Replacing your regular cooking oil with coconut oil is sufficient to enjoy its benefits. You can also take 2 tbsp. of pure coconut oil daily for the same effect.

Take Kelp Supplements

The marine vegetable kelp also contains traces of natural hormones that effect the thyroid gland in a positive way. Kelp also contains iodine, an important nutrient the body needs. The combined effect of the hormones and iodine have the potential to increase your basal metabolic rate. Kelp supplements can be purchased online, or through your local vitamin shop.

Exercise Frequently

Exercise is the most natural way to increase your metabolism. The more exercise you get, the harder your metabolism works to keep up with the rest of your body. This is a good thing that will train your metabolism to continue at a higher pace. Even small amounts of exercise a day can help your boost your metabolism.

Precautions

It is important to speak with a qualified health professional before changing your diet or exercise routine, as well as starting a new vitamin or herb regimen. If you suspect you have a slower than usual metabolism, or that you may be experiencing thyroid complications, talk to your doctor right away.

Courtesy: Livestrong.com

  

  

Ayurveda, yoga, other alternative health methods should be considered instead of medication

We use medicine for everything these days. If we have a headache, we pop an Advil; if we are stressed out, we down a Xanax; if we feel like throwing sharp objects at the wall while simultaneously yelling and slapping everyone in a 10-foot radius, we take Midol.We have so many pills and medications for every possible ailment, ache and irritation that the average American is taking 12 prescriptions a year, which is a 71 percent increase in pill consumption in the last 15 years, according to the 2009 article, "Selling Sickness: How Drug Ads Changed Healthcare" by Alix Spiegel on npr.org. All these chemical remedies are great for many problems, but too often we are ignoring natural alternatives and holistic healthcare that has been used for centuries.The problem with pills is that, on occasion, people trick themselves into thinking they need them or that they are doing themselves a favor by taking them. This is evident with phenomena like the placebo effect, where a fake pill is used to compare the effects to a real medication. Sometimes you don't even need to be taking a real drug to trick yourself into seeing the benefits. It is issues like this that cause dependence and habitual, frivolous consumption.What did we do before Tylenol? That is a tough question. It's like asking what we did before Google. Many times in ancient history, Indian cultures would apply a holistic, meditative approach to naturally heal and restore the body. For instance, the concept of ayurveda is a wonderful method of cleansing and detoxifying both the body and mind.Ayurveda is a native Indian alternative medicine approach that combines massage, meditation, healthy eating, yoga and exercise to keep a person healthy. According to Meredith Walker on www.nursingdegree.net, there are numerous health benefits to practicing yoga besides the obvious of improving your posture, flexibility and muscle tone. Doing yoga improves cardiovascular endurance, lowers blood pressure, helps reduce pain, increases pain tolerance and even improves the metabolism, making the body more efficient at burning fat and losing weight. And none of this requires drugs. One of the premises of traditional ayurvedic medicine is that one's state of mind is what controls the state of the body. Taking a natural approach to healthcare can cleanse a person of synthetic toxins and improve more than physical ailments.There are many mental, emotional and psychological benefits to practicing holistic healthcare, too. Meditation and yoga both cause chemical releases in the brain. These same chemicals are often found in powerful synthetic drugs, like Oxycontin. In a Feb. 19, 2010, article called "Mediation May Boost Mental Mood and Toughness" by Stephanie Pappas, a study done with 48 Marine soldiers, those who practiced meditation and controlled mind-body exercises were less stressed and showed an improvement in mood. Much of this is due to the chemical effects that occur in the brain during meditative exercise.According to Lisa Washington in an Oct. 11, 2009 article, "Yoga Can Make You Happy; It Releases the Hormone Oxytocin," the naturally occurring feel-good chemical, oxytocin, can increase to a substantial degree through doing yoga and meditation. This is because the Vagus nerve, which controls hormone release and carries information from the central nervous system to other organs, is being stimulated. This causes more of the chemicals to be released into the body, thus creating an anti-anxiety effect and a sense of well-being. Prescription pain killers and antidepressants do the exact same thing, but one of the cool aspects of the human body is that we can cause this release of happy hormones ourselves, just by teaching our bodies how to control stress.We live in a country that is blessed to have wonderful medicinal opportunities, brilliant doctors and an abundance of facilities and specialists to treat our every condition. However, just because all this modernity is available, it doesn't mean it needs to be used casually or in many cases, overused completely. Before there were lasers, Lexapro and lobotomies, there were ancient and effective methods to healing the body, mind and spirit that worked wonderfully for thousands of years. The Indian culture was brilliant. After all, they built the Taj Mahal and wrote the Kama Sutra. By studying their tried and tested ways of meditation and mind-body awareness, it is possible to reduce the amount of fake chemicals we consume and restore ourselves in the healthiest way possible.

Courtesy: Jillian Aramowicz

Source:College Media Network

 

5 ways to lower your cholesterol

Lowering cholesterol is one of the most imperative things to do to promote overall heart health. And now Metamucil and Dr. Michael Roizen, Chairman of the Wellness Institute at Cleveland Clinic and host of the upcoming PBS series, "Younger You," have suggested five things you need to do to lower your cholesterol.

Take Psyllium

The first, and one of the simplest tips, is to get more fiber in your diet - but not just any kind, because not all fibers work the same way. Viscous soluble fiber like psyllium fiber, the natural dietary fiber found in Metamucil, is proven to help lower total and "lousy" LDL cholesterol because it forms a thick gel that traps and helps remove some cholesterol, bile acids and waste in the gut. This is why I recommend my patients supplement low fat, low cholesterol diets with 7 grams of soluble fiber from psyllium daily, as in Metamucil.

Wear a Pedometer and Increase Daily Activity

You'd be amazed to see how many extra steps you can take in one day -- grab a pedometer and watch the numbers roll as you make simple changes for your health and take the stairs, walk to work, or stroll around the neighborhood to increase your physical activity for better heart health. Tracking your progress throughout the day can be great inspiration to keep going, and walking is a simple and easy type of exercise to help lower cholesterol!

Get an Exercise Buddy

A healthy lifestyle requires motivation, encouragement and a friend to lean on. Grab an exercise buddy and support each other in the challenge to lower your cholesterol. Take long walks together and encourage each other to try new types of physical activity to get the heart pumping and to keep cholesterol levels down! Enjoy each other's company and laugh - reduced levels of stress will help your heart too!

Beware of Hidden Fats and Sugars

Be an informed eater; get to know your ingredients and read the nutrition labels thoroughly. Hidden sugars and unhealthy ingredients can increase your weight, which can lead to high cholesterol. Stay away from foods that contain high levels of saturated fat, cholesterol and hidden sources of sugar such as high fructose corn syrup, some dextrins, or evaporated cane juice.

Add DHA

DHA is short for docosahexaenoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Regular intake of DHA can aid in proper heart function and help lower levels of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), or the "lousy" cholesterol3, and raise levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), or the "healthy" cholesterol. Popular sources of DHA are salmon, sardines, tuna - but if you aren't a seafood fan, try fish oil supplements, or if you don't like fishy taste, et them from vegetarian supplements made from algal DHA. 

Source:ANI

BHU, Kerala Ayurveda sign agreement for joint research

Kerala Ayurveda Ltd has signed an agreement 
with the Banaras Hindu University to undertake research in 
developing drug and therapies for diseases.Under the proposed 
arrangement, the university''s Ayurveda faculty would 
collaborate with the company to undertake research in areas
 like geriatic care, cancer, metabolic diseases, including
 diabetes and epidemic prevention, Kerala Ayurveda Ltd 
said in a filing with the Bombay Stock Exchange.The research
 would also focus on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, both
 in North and South India to determine the optimal combination
 of efficiency inline with authentic ayurvedic texts, it said.
The university and KAL would exchange best practices
 between the northern Indian and Kerala traditions, in particular
 Panchakarma therapies, it said.

Source:PTI

Teenager Who Eats Soap!

A teenager in US consumes up to 5 soap bars a week. She just loves the taste of washing powder. However doctors are concerned about her health and have said that this toxic addiction could have claimed her life. Temptest Henderson, 19, is a nursing student in Florida. She has been diagnosed with a rare condition called 'Pica' that makes people want to eat items which are largely non-nutritious. This addiction began when the girl dipped her fingers in washing powder and enjoyed its sweet and salty taste. Although she realized that her habit was dangerous she could not give it up and she thought of seeking medical assistance only after 6months.Doctors are treating Tempestt with intensive Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This therapy gives her replacement thoughts that will probably prevent her from compulsively reaching for soaps. According to psychologists, she is most likely to have started eating soap as a comfort coping mechanism when she was away from her family for her nursing studies. Since then the family has begun using liquid at home. Tempestt said, "It is an addiction, I can't stop, and I have sought the help of a doctor who specializes in addiction. The doctor told me I must empty my house of all washing detergent and soap, anything that triggers my addiction." She is recovering now and back home with her mother. 

Source-Medindia

  

 

Yogi Cameron Promises You Can Change Your Life in 28 Days on "The Dr. Oz Show"

When standing in front of the studio audience of The Dr. Oz Show, former supermodel and Guru-to-the-Stars Yogi Cameron Alborzian announced that he would help New Jersey resident and Dr. Oz viewer Patricia eliminate her pain, curb her excess weight, and resolve a host of other health problems-and that this could happen in 28 days.Yogi Cameron’s appearance on the show was in support of the recent publication of The Guru in You (HarperOne), a book he authored on how each of us can transform our lives from one of pain and stress to one of fulfillment and purpose through the ancient systems of yoga and Ayurveda. In the book, he recommends everything from practicing yoga postures to taking herbs to going to the movies-and supports the importance of beginning this process by taking small, attainable steps.The public is listening. Along with his work with Patricia on Dr. Oz, Yogi Cameron has delivered his message on The Today Show, E! Entertainment News, Extra, and, because he’s been such a huge help to its host, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Each of the many millions of viewers who have seen Yogi Cameron have begun to learn what Patricia is now learning firsthand: Change is not only possible, but it can happen in a very short amount of time. In further support of the message of The Guru in You, Yogi Cameron will be featured in a full-length article in the February 9 Dining Section of The New York Times; he will speak to how eating in line with the principles of Ayurveda can help us to resolve illness and free ourselves of our many aches and pains.Yogi Cameron Alborzian left the world of high fashion to seek the higher path available to all of us. In 2003, he began his ongoing studies in Ayurveda at Arsha Yogi in India after completing the training at the Integral Yogi Institute in New York City. Yogi Cameron has appeared on The Dr. Oz Show, NBC Nightly News, The Today Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, E! Entertainment, and Extra, as well as in such publications as Elle magazine, The New York Times, and Vogue.

Ayurvedic rare Manuscripts of Orissa is now available in CDS

The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) recovered  rare manuscripts from individuals and organisations from across the Orissa state and converted them into CD and DVD form for future use. "Orissa has a huge collection of manuscripts on the goodness of ancient Ayurveda. Unfortunately, a large number of Ayurvedic texts lie unexplored and trapped in palm-leaves, which are decaying. Many unique and valuable information contained in these texts are being lost, so we decided to preserve them in CDs," said deputy director of CCRAS, M M Padhi.He further said, the institute is also planning to set up a manuscript library to preserve these rare documents. Around 2,000 manuscripts have already been catalogued and around 1,000 among them have been digitised, said Padhi. Besides palm leaf manuscripts, many paper and metal manuscripts were also recovered. The manuscripts were found in individual and organisational possession in different districts of Cuttack, Khurda, Puri, Nayagarh, Bhadrak and Jajpur. "The main aim of the project is to preserve the oldest record of medicinal theories and applied utilities available in the manuscripts. From the manuscripts, many rare texts describing the treatment of arthritis, asthma, piles, chronic wound were found. They were written by vaidyas hundreds of years back. Similarly, Vaidya Kalpalata is a rare script that describes many proven and tested treatment procedures," said nodal officer of the project, Bikartan Das. Niranjan Brahma, an individual collector from Puri, said, "From these manuscripts it is evident how rich was Orissa in Ayurveda. Many of these texts are still unpublished, while a huge quantity was damaged in disasters like floods and cyclone and due to lack of proper care."

Source:TNN

   



 

Increase in Non-communicable Diseases in South Asian Countries

A recent World Bank report has issued a warning about the drastic rise in Non-communicable diseases in India and other South Asian countries, almost on the brink of a health crisis.According to the report, heart disease is the leading cause of death in adults aged 15-69. Comparing with other groups worldwide, heart attack seems to strike almost 6 years earlier  in South Asians.It is time the South Asian countries work to reduce the burden of NCD’s  to improve health of citizens as well as  their GDP. 
Source:MedIndia